Burrell: 'I really hoped to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This piece contains details of racially offensive language and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell says that going public to reveal racial discrimination in rugby union led his professional journey to an premature conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the game, displaying Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to retire because of what went on," he told media outlets.
"I wanted to continue playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were inquiries going on.
"This situation was difficult - I had to simply come to terms with the outcome and accept that this entire process is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body report in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not gather enough proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly overlooked for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told journalists he also faced discrimination within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in February 2014.
"I have had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he said.
"Some discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the issue that I've personally experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a extended period you just begin to think that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was eventually motivated to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the elite game and to the introduction of an strategy for the professional game."
"We has given considerable attention on inclusion and diversity in rugby union and a great deal of work completed both prior and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and shared his encounters of racism and classism," it added.
"The organization are ongoing work with clubs and partners in the elite level to work for a culture of acceptance but acknowledge this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
All Premiership and women's rugby club now has in-person training on building welcoming cultures, with its success monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to intervene and defend others from damaging conduct.
"You should be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have done so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away soon after the filming of the documentary, and his sibling passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the sport more open.
His charitable organization works to connect with children in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed on and off the pitch with free sports training, guidance and dietary education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the progress of the sport and if others is willing to share their experience then I'll continue to fight that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he said.
"We have an responsibility to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more confident fellow players will become about discussing their personal stories as well.
"I take the bull by the horns and keep carrying this banner and keep supporting this responsibility and do what I can to develop opportunities and make the sport more appealing and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely believe that the sport has the potential to transform their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in late 2022